Clinical psychologist, psychiatrist or counsellor: understanding the differences in the UK
What kind of mental health support is right for me?
So often people ask me the difference between a psychologist, psychiatrist, therapist and counsellor. Whilst there are some overlaps, we have different training, qualifications and scope of practice.
Finding the right support can be confusing and daunting. Knowing some of the key differences can help you to make an informed decision about which professional may be the best fit for you, your needs and your preferences.
What is a clinical psychologist?
In the UK, a clinical psychologist has completed doctoral level academic study and clinical experience in the NHS. This means that clinical psychologists are doctors of clinical psychology (not of medicine like psychiatrists!).
Clinical psychologists are trained in how people think, feel and behave. We use this training to inform our assessment and treatment of a variety of mental health difficulties.
As part of our doctoral study, we have also completed a thesis which is a research project on one specific area.
Their training focuses on a ‘biopsychosocial’ approach - which considers the biological, psychological and social aspects of why someone may be experiencing an emotional difficulty such as anxiety or low mood.
The term ‘clinical psychologist’ is a legally protected title. This means that in the UK a practising clinical psychologist is - by law - registered with the Health Care & Professions Council (HCPC). This ensures they have the correct qualifications and code of conduct. If you have found a clinical psychologist that you would like to work with, click here to check they are registered with the HCPC.
Clinical psychologists are trained in a variety of psychological treatments (types of talking therapies), such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Systemic Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). As we are trained in multiple talking therapies, we can draw on multiple models to tailor therapy to suit your specific needs.
Clinical psychology can be good for clients who are keen to learn practical skills and strategies to make changes in their lives - it is often viewed as an ‘active’ form of therapy.
What is a psychiatrist?
Psychiatry is a branch of medicine. They are medical doctors who specialise in mental health.
As psychiatrists are medically trained, they tend to focus on diagnosing mental health conditions and prescribing medications.
In the UK, they must be registered with the General Medical Council (GMC).
Psychiatrists may work alongside mental health nurses and clinical psychologists to provide a comprehensive treatment plan (psychiatrist often focusing on medication and the psychologist focusing on talking therapy).
What is a counsellor?
Counselling is a reflective form of therapy. Counsellors support you to talk openly and process what you have been finding difficult without there being a specific agenda.
Counsellors support you to find your own solutions by talking things through, whereas a clinical psychologist may suggest specific strategies.
Counsellors tend to work with people who are experiencing mild to moderate mental health difficulties - they would not usually work with people who are experiencing more severe or complex issues.
When looking for a counsellor, it is important you find someone who is accredited by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) or the UK Counselling for Psychotherapy (UKCP).